The IIOE-2 Science Plan contains a detailed discussion of capacity development activities proposed as part of IIOE-2 referring to all of the IIOE-2's six science themes. Capacity development represents a critical component for the delivery of societal benefit in the context of IIOE-2 . Increasing understanding of the Indian Ocean and its coastal systems among the people and communities living in this region will empower better-informed public stewardship of ocean resources for emerging Blue Economy imperatives. Insight gained from scientific research, advances in observations, and innovative technologies will further enable evaluation of trade-offs between alternative management scenarios, enhance the ability to balance competing demands on ecosystems, and strengthen economic and scientific competiveness of Indian Ocean rim countries.